This workshop covers several currently understudied factors in the field of bi-/multilingualism and neurocognition and how these factors may carry more or less influence on language control demands (and thus have implications for neurocognitive adaptations) across the lifespan including connections between language learning and cognition. These factors include: relative language distance, and individual differences in bilingual development. Three invited speakers will present data speaking to these factors, followed by a panel discussion and reception. The three invited speakers speakers are: Patrick Rebuschat (Lancaster University, UK), Ewa Haman (University of Warsaw, Poland), and Marco Tamburelli (Bangor University, UK).